Arabic Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies in the Digital Era: A Comparative Analysis Based on a Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Vocabulary (mufradāt) acquisition is a fundamental pillar in learning Arabic as a foreign language, yet the process is fraught with unique challenges rooted in the linguistic complexity of Arabic itself. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to map, critically analyze, and compare the effectiveness of Arabic vocabulary acquisition strategies, from conventional approaches to the rapidly evolving digital interventions between 2015 and 2025. Applying the PRISMA framework, this study synthesizes findings from reputable journal articles and conference proceedings. The analysis reveals a significant paradigm shift from traditional rote-based methods towards technology-mediated strategies, such as Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL), gamification, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), which have proven superior in enhancing learner motivation, engagement, and vocabulary retention. The comparative analysis identifies blended learning, which integrates face-to-face interaction with the flexibility and personalization of digital tools, as the most effective model. However, technology implementation faces substantial challenges, including the digital divide, the urgent need for teacher training, and a scarcity of high-quality digital content that is pedagogically and linguistically attuned to the specificities of Arabic. This research provides a comprehensive synthesis to guide academics, practitioners, and policymakers in designing more effective and responsive learning environments for the digital age.