Are International-Class Students Future Ready? A Benchmarking Study of 21st-Century Competencies in Arabic Language Education

Authors

  • Muh. Sabilar Rosyad Author

Keywords:

Competency Assessment, Curriculum Evaluation, Digital Literacy, P21 Framework, Teacher Education

Abstract

This study benchmarks the 21st-century competencies of students enrolled in an International Class Program in Arabic Language Education to evaluate their readiness for future educational and professional demands. Using a cross-sectional benchmarking survey, data were collected from 25 undergraduate students through a validated questionnaire based on the Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21) Framework, encompassing ten competency domains. Descriptive statistics, competency ranking, gap analysis, and a competency benchmark matrix were employed to identify strengths and curriculum priorities. The findings indicate that students demonstrated a high overall level of 21st-century competencies (M = 4.05, SD = 0.49), suggesting that the international-class environment effectively supports future-ready graduate development. Communication, Collaboration, and Global Competence emerged as the strongest competencies, whereas Leadership, Digital Literacy, and Creativity represented the largest competency gaps. The study extends existing research by transforming competency assessment into an evidence-based benchmarking framework that informs curriculum evaluation and continuous quality improvement. The proposed Competency Benchmark Matrix offers practical guidance for curriculum enhancement and provides a baseline for longitudinal benchmarking across cohorts and institutions, thereby strengthening future-ready Arabic language teacher education.

 

References

AbdelWahhab, F. R. (2026). Exploring the Perspectives of AFL Teachers on Teacher Development Needs, with Reference to the Level of Professional Experience.

Adamakis, M., & Rachiotis, T. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A State-of-the-Art Overview of Pedagogical Integrity, Artificial Intelligence Literacy, and Policy Integration. In Encyclopedia (Vol. 5, Issue 4, p. 180). https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5040180

Adawiyah, R., & Qibthiyah, L. (2026). Research Trends in Machine Learning for Arabic Language Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis. Al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies, 9(3), 373–381.

Alves, J., Lima, T. M., & Gaspar, P. D. (2023). Is Industry 5.0 a Human-Centred Approach? A Systematic Review. In Processes (Vol. 11, Issue 1, p. 193). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010193

Asif, M. (2015). Determining improvement needs in higher education benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 22(1), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-02-2013-0025

Avram, K. A. (2025). Introducing the Staged Narrative Analysis: A Comprehensive Framework to Analyze Multi-Layered and Complex Narrative Data. Forum: Qualitative Social Research/Qualitative Sozialforschung, 26(1).

Bahtiar, M. F. (2025). Imersi Bahasa Arab pada Program Kelas Internasional Mahasiswa Prodi PBA S1 Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

Chen, Z.-G., & Wu, K. H. (2006). Comparison of Benchmarking Methods with and without a Survey Error Model. International Statistical Review, 74(3), 285–304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-5823.2006.tb00297.x

Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2009). Survey research: Process and limitations. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 16(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2009.16.1.37935

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1007/BF02310555

Duignan, P. (2012). Educational leadership: Together creating ethical learning environments. Cambridge University Press.

Ehlers, U.-D. (2020). Future skills: The future of learning and higher education. BoD–Books on Demand.

Eisler, R. (2002). Partnership Education For the 21st Century. Encounter, 15(3).

Falloon, G. (2020). From digital literacy to digital competence: the teacher digital competency (TDC) framework. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(5), 2449–2472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09767-4

Farisha, F., Fahri, M., & Al-Ghifari, R. A. (2023). Analysis Of Research Trends In Arabic Language Education Using A Bibliometric Approach In Indonesian National Journals/Analisis Tren Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Menggunakan Pendekatan Bibliometrik Pada Jurnal Nasional Indonesia. Lughawiyah: Journal of Arabic Education and Linguistics, 5(2), 177–190.

Fitria, I. (2025). Guru Sebagai Fasilitator Digital: Membangun Kompetensi Pedagogik. Manajemen Pendidikan Mi/Sd: Berbasis Teknologi Dan Neurosains Dalam Kurikulum Merdeka, 233.

Ghobakhloo, M., Mahdiraji, H. A., Iranmanesh, M., & Jafari-Sadeghi, V. (2026). From Industry 4.0 digital manufacturing to Industry 5.0 digital society: A roadmap toward human-centric, sustainable, and resilient production. Information Systems Frontiers., 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-024-10476-z

Gregersen-Hermans, J., & Lauridsen, K. M. (2021). Internationalising programmes in higher education: An educational development perspective. Routledge.

Guo, J., & Woulfin, S. (2016). Twenty-First Century Creativity: An Investigation of How the Partnership for 21st Century Instructional Framework Reflects the Principles of Creativity. Roeper Review, 38(3), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783193.2016.1183741

Hämäläinen, K., Hämäläinen, K., Jessen, A. D., Kaartinen-Koutaniemi, M., & Kristoffersen, D. (2002). Benchmarking in the improvement of higher education. ENQA Workshop Reports, 2.

Henderson‐Smart, C., Winning, T., Gerzina, T., King, S., & Hyde, S. (2006). Benchmarking learning and teaching: developing a method. Quality Assurance in Education, 14(2), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.1108/09684880610662024

Hizbullah, I., Fauzi, A., Antarsyach, A. A., & Fathurrahman, M. A. (2025). Analyse Applied Linguistics Research Trends in Google Scholar Using a Bibliometric Approach with VOSviewer. Al-Fashahah Journal, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.59562/al-fashahah.v5i2.76703

Huang, R., Adarkwah, M. A., Liu, M., Hu, Y., Zhuang, R., & Chang, T. (2024). Digital Pedagogy for Sustainable Education Transformation: Enhancing Learner-Centred Learning in the Digital Era. Frontiers of Digital Education, 1(4), 279–294. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44366-024-0031-x

Kaltsum, U., Nuruddin, A., Sodik, A. J., Fu’adah, S., & Rosyad, M. S. (2025). Problematika Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Indonesia Berbasis Analisis Fishbone. Muhadasah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 7(2), 227–250. https://doi.org/10.51339/muhad.v7i2.4529

Kosim, N., Fauzia, E. L., Safrudin, R., Fu’adah, S., & Siregar, S. D. P. (2025). A Bibliometric Study of Research Trends in Arabic Language Bilingualism (1986-2024). Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab, 9(1), 67–94.

Larsen, M. L., & Larsen, M. A. (2016). Internationalization of higher education. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53345-6

Lee, N. A. A., Tazijan, F. N., Adam, A. F. M., Ikhsanudin, I., & Bakar, R. A. (2025). Comparative analysis of digital literacy and 21st-century skills among university graduates in Malaysia and Indonesia: The role of collaboration, critical thinking, communication, and creativity. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 10(1), 166–191. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol10iss1pp166-191

Lestari, D. I., & Kurnia, H. (2023). Implementasi model pembelajaran inovatif untuk meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru di era digital. JPG: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru, 4(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.32832/jpg.v4i3.14252

Levy, P. S., & Lemeshow, S. (2013). Sampling of populations: methods and applications. John Wiley & Sons.

Luong, P. M., Tran, L. T., Nguyen, H. T., Tran, Y. T. H., Dang, G. H., & Vu, T. Van. (2024). Intercultural adaptability development for students in internationalisation at home programmes in higher education in China and Korea. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 15(2), 421–440. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-10-2023-0284

Martini, B., Bellisario, D., & Coletti, P. (2024). Human-Centered and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence in Industry 5.0: Challenges and Perspectives. In Sustainability (Vol. 16, Issue 13, p. 5448). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135448

McCarthy, A. M., Maor, D., McConney, A., & Cavanaugh, C. (2023). Digital transformation in education: Critical components for leaders of system change. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 8(1), 100479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100479

Menon, M. E. (2005). Students’ Views Regarding their Participation in University Governance: Implications for Distributed Leadership in Higher Education. Tertiary Education and Management, 11(2), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-005-0686-x

Moriarty, J. P. (2011). A theory of benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 18(4), 588–611. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635771111147650

Ningsih, T. Z., Aman, A., Nasrulloh, A., Ofianto, O., Erniwati, E., Asri, Z., Judijanto, L., & Firza, F. (2025). Enhancing communication and collaboration skills through discovery, cooperative and problem-based learning models in Social Studies education. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2500110. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2500110

Nurhayati, S., Septikasari, D., Judijanto, L., Susanto, D., Tarrapa, S., Sudadi, S., Setiyana, R., Willdahlia, A. G., Ramli, A., & Zamroni, Z. (2025). Paradigma baru dalam pendidikan abad 21. PT Green Pustaka Indonesia.

Ossiannilsson, E. S. I. (2023). Benchmarking: A Method for Quality Assessment and Enhancement in Higher Education BT - Learning, Design, and Technology: An International Compendium of Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy (J. M. Spector, B. B. Lockee, & M. D. Childress (eds.); pp. 2149–2167). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17461-7_52

Pamessangi, A. A. (2019). Analisis kesulitan belajar bahasa Arab mahasiswa program studi pendidikan bahasa Arab IAIN Palopo. AL IBRAH: Journal of Arabic Language Education, 2(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.24256/jale.v2i1.1206

Petersen, L., Minkkinen, P., & Esbensen, K. H. (2005). Representative sampling for reliable data analysis: Theory of Sampling. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 77(1), 261–277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.09.013

Purbasari, I., Yusuf, M., Subagya, null, Marmoah, S., & Alali, A. A. (2025). Development of a community-based social collaborative e-learning model for adaptability of higher education students in Indonesia. Frontiers in Education, Volume 10-2025.

Robinson, J. (2023). Likert Scale BT - Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (F. Maggino (ed.); pp. 3917–3918). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_1654

Rosyad, M. S. (2025). Student-Centered Arabic Teaching Materials in Internasional Undergraduate Programs: Empirical Evidence from UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. PROSIDING KONIPBSA: Konferensi Nasional Inovasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 5(1), 217–232.

Rosyad, M. S., Adam, F. M., & Bahruddin, U. (2023). The Natural Situation and Its Effective Role in Designing Arabic Listening Skills Teaching Materials for Non-Native Speakers. 6(3), 586–604. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v6i3.19531

Safrudin, R., Nandang, A., Siregar, S. D. P., Musthafa, I., Fauzi, M. F., Alby, M. H. F., & Suyono, S. (2024). Development of Arabic Language Learning Research: A Bibliometric Study on Scopus (2009-2024). Al-Ta’rib: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Palangka Raya, 12(2), 321–338.

Santos, J. R. A. (1999). Cronbach’s alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. The Journal of Extension, 37(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.66752/1077-5315.7392

Shkedi, A. (2004). Narrative survey: A methodology for studying multiple populations. Narrative Inquiry, 14(1), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.14.1.05shk

Taha, H. (2017). Arabic language teacher education. Applied Linguistics in the Middle East and North Africa, 269–287.

Tam, M. (2014). Outcomes-based approach to quality assessment and curriculum improvement in higher education. Quality Assurance in Education, 22(2), 158–168. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-09-2011-0059

Tanujaya, B., Prahmana, R. C. I., & Mumu, J. (2022). Likert scale in social sciences research: Problems and difficulties. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 16(4), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.51709/19951272/Winter2022/7

Tasopoulou, K., & Tsiotras, G. (2017). Benchmarking towards excellence in higher education. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 24(3), 617–634. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-03-2016-0036

Thinh, M. P. (2024). Adapting teaching practices and enhancing intercultural competence: student teachers’ experiences in an international exchange program. Journal for Multicultural Education, 19(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/JME-06-2024-0077

Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J.-M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., Feybesse, C., Sundquist, D., & Lubart, T. (2023). Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education. In Journal of Intelligence (Vol. 11, Issue 3, p. 54). https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030054

Tuimebayeva, G., Shagrayeva, B., Kerimbayeva, K., Shertayeva, N., Bitemirova, A., & Abdurazova, P. (2024). Developing Multilingual Competence in Future Educators: Approaches, Challenges, and Best Practices. 6(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/edu-2024-0020

Utsman, M., & Rosyad, M. S. (2023). Fenomena Rendahnya Minat Menguasai Keterampilan Membaca serta Solusinya dari Sudut Pandang Siswa dan Guru. LUGHATI: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 1(01), 1–16.

Vaishnav, P. B. (2025). The role of intercultural competence in effective cross-border collaboration among higher education institutions. In International Academic Transformations and Cross-Border Collaborations (pp. 195–218). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0508-0.ch009

Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-Sectional Studies: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Recommendations. Chest, 158(1, Supplement), S65–S71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.012

Widyasari, M. P. (2025). Dilema Guru: Antara Kompetensi dan Tuntunan Kurikulum. Indonesia Emas Group.

Yan Mei, S., Ju, S. Y., Romli, T. R. M., & Adam, Z. B. (2025). Enhancing employability: a study on professional skills development among Arabic language graduates in Malaysia. Education + Training, 67(7–8), 802–820. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-10-2024-0485

Zangirolami-Raimundo, J., Echeimberg, J. de O., & Leone, C. (2018). Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 28(3), 356–360. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.152198

Downloads

Published

2026-08-13